How to make the basing network for Q1 so that Veff of Q1 decreases when W increases? The terminology used for denoting the three basic FET configurations indicates the FET electrode that is common to both input and output circuits. Q 2 exhibits a finite incremental resistance ro2, when it is in saturation and is given by, Where V A2 is the Early voltage of Q 2. In this chapter a three-stage Transimpedance Amplifier based on inductive feedback technique and building block of cmos inverter TIA has been proposed. Potentiometer operation graphically illustrated by two superimposed IV curves representing its two partial resistances. Physics of semiconductors. Key Features. Here the voltage is constant; so we can change the current only by changing the resistance. Kyle Addington input stage to amplifier, acting as the common source portion of the cascade. 1) High Input Impedance. Electrical Engineering Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for electronics and electrical engineering professionals, students, and enthusiasts. So think of the two (drain-source parts of) transistors of as the two halves of a "dynamic voltage divider". Furthermore, the input impedance of of common gate stage is relatively low only if the load resistance connected to the drain is small. (LogOut/ Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Because the amplifier is biased so that IREF= ID , then 1 - we divided the circuit of three elements in two parts (R2 and R1 in series to Vin). It only takes a minute to sign up. This article explains basic structure of common source amplifier and how to design it for a given specification. If you are in the position of a learner, you often have to play a "dual game" in front of your teachers because one thing is the real understanding of circuits and another thing is their explanation when you are being tested. It uses a MAX chopper amplifier, along with two Therefore, the transimpedance amplifier circuit needs to be compensated to ensure the stability condition is met. Print Send Add Share. DET2 de. Would Marx consider salary workers to be members of the proleteriat? 3. Very large input resistance. USA en. CMOS amplifiers. V0 = gm1 Vgs2(r01||r02 Furthermore, the input impedance of of common gate stage is relatively low only if the load resistance connected to the drain is small. Gyrator loop is composed of at least two transconductance amplifiers. A transimpedance circuit measures an input current and outputs an amplified voltage. Common Gate Amplifier: In common source amplifier and source follower circuits, the input Potentially large small-signal voltage gain. In electronics, a common-source amplifier is one of three basic single-stage field-effect transistor (FET) amplifier topologies, typically used as a voltage. Common- source amplifiers are ideal for a variety of applications, ranging from signal amplification for sensor applications to RF low-noise amplification due to their high input impedance and simplicity. The code can be called by R or Splus see woa. in a Micron Silicon-Carbide CMOS Process. It is having small signal gain of 14.4 dB and covers the bandwidth from 4.47 GHz to 5.41 GHz. The thesis presen ts the rst complete and rigorous assist noise analysts with the technical aspects of noise impact analysis. CMOS Active-Load CS Amplifier the importance of the bias point selection in the operation of. (LogOut/ DED1 de. The easiest way to tell if a FET is common source, common drain , or common gate is to examine where the signal enters and leaves. Although the TIA concept is as old as feedback amplifiers [1], it was in the late s and early s that TIAs found widespread usage in optical coupling and optical communication receivers. The simulation results are obtained from Cadence. Use MathJax to format equations. We shall assume that Q 2 and Q 3 are matched; therefore the i-v characteristic of the load device will be as shown in Fig. What is the purpose of using a differential amplifier? So, "the two changes thus enhance each other" are resistance changes - when M1 resistance increases, M2 resistance decreases and v.v. Common Drain (Source Follower ) 3. The input signal enters via C! No resistor is connected in series with the drain terminal, and no source bypass capacitor is employed. Feedback Analysis of Transimpedance Operational Amplifier Circuits Erik Bruun Abstract-The transimpedance or current feedback operational ampli- fier CFB op-amp is reviewed and compared to a conventional voltage mode op-amp using an analysis emphasizing the basic feedback charac- teristics of the circuit. A CMOS operational amplifier with 110 dB CMRR/PSRR/gain is described, which comprises two gain stages connected via a cascoded current mirror with voltage gain boost. The common-source amplifier is one of the basic amplifiers in CMOS analog circuits. 2. Based on these terminals, FET is divided into 3 amplifier configuration that corresponding to 3 configurations of Bipolar transistors. CAA1 en. In this circuit the MOSFET converts variations in the gate-source voltage into a small signal drain current which passes through a resistive load and generates the amplified voltage across the load resistor. 3 illustrates the operation of such a BJT stage consisting of NPN and PNP transistors. This example shows that the 75th harmonic amplitude value is much higher on the first bearing journal. The symbol shown below represents a differential amplifier. Buffer circuit with improved duty cycle distortion and method of using the same. Two concepts can help you to understand the complementary (CMOS) pair - "voltage divider" and "dynamic resistance", that can be combined into a "dynamic voltage divider". WebThe Common-Source Amplier Basic Circuit Fig. In either case, the ground potential, a reference for a circuit, fluctuates because of noise. dVin) instead of ( dVout /dt = gm . Ofcourse, the behaviour of these arrangements are going to be totally different in a large signal sense. The SlideShare family just got bigger. A lateral PNP The small-signal equivalent circuit for this CMOS CS amplifier is: The model is essentially the same as that used for the JFET. Active transimpedance amplifier circuit. A CMOS operational amplifier with 110 dB CMRR/PSRR/gain is described. Receptor Locations 3 C. In the timing pre-characterization process of a logic block, detailed simulations of all the This Noise Study Report represents the preliminary analysis of the probable traffic noise impact impacts for the Coral Reef Commons development. (d) Find Avo. The polynomial form of the input impedance of a CMOS cross-coupled amplifier with NMOS only active inductor are proposed. Differential amplifiers are used mainly to suppress noise. Texas Instruments. Resistor, saturated and unsaturated MOST load, depletion load nMOS technologies: basic inverter operation, advantages and disadvantages of each. Introduction to electronic systems Basic design concepts analog vs. Lectures 70h and lab sessions 30h. Operational amplifiers (Opamps) in CMOS technology have evolved from classical differential stages with active load and singleended output [] into complex architectures that minimize the offset voltage V O S and the noise spectral density, with simultaneous cost reduction and improved performance.New stateoftheart topologies are frequently It only takes a minute to sign up. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. The circuit diagram of an opamp based current to voltage converter is shown below. Fig. This video is the first in the series on "CMOS Common Source Amplifier". The lower current device will always win, which is the PMOS M2 and cause the NMOS M1 to be driven towards the edge of the linear/saturation region, hence the VDS of M1 must fall, in other words the Vout must fall! As a result, a unique phenomenon can be observed - since the total resistance stays constant, the current stays constant as well and the cross (operating) point moves along a horizontal trajectory. It is also possible to apply the input signal to the source terminal by keeping common gate terminal. This module will be delivered through a combination of formal lectures, tutorials and both supervised and unsupervised laboratory sessions. Analyzing both the large-signal and the small-signal characteristics of each circuit, we develop intuitive techniquesand models that prove useful in understanding more The impedance associated with the current source is not shown as it is typically large enough to ignore. Homework Statement a Derive the relationship between the output voltage V and the input current I; i. My question really is is that how can changing the drain current of a transistor through its VGS, change its VDS. Although LC tanks feature better phase noise than ring oscillators, the latter are better suited for standard CMOS technologies. For Q2 to be a current source, Q2 must operate in the saturation mode, of course. The following technical seminar topics mainly include technical seminar topics for ECE , technical seminar topics for EEE students. This noise arises due to the quantized nature of charge. Common Gate 4. If the top counter value is greater than the bottom counter I am doing a discrete event simulation of logic gates and I have come upon a problem. Razavi said: *"Two changes now occur: a) ID1 increases, pulling Vout lower, and b) M2 injects less current into the output node, allowing Vout to drop. So, the CMOS stage in the OP's picture is such but electronic "potentiometer" assembled by two oppositely varying "resistors" (NMOS and PMOS). This work presents two transimpedance amplifier TIA circuits, which when integrated with a photodiode, can operate as front-ends of OI receiver systems. Prossima attivazione. Fig. The utilization of cascode is a common method which can be used in the applications of transistors as well as vacuum tubes. The MATLAB code can be integrated with other languages, enabling you to deploy algorithms and applications within web, enterprise, and production systems. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. FET is a voltage-controlled device with three terminals -source, drain, and gate. The resistor R1 holds the gate at ground potential. A common-drain amplifier is one in which the input signal is applied to the gate and the output is taken from the source, making the drain common to both. A common-drain amplifier is also called a source-follower. In electronics, a common-source amplifier is one of three basic single-stage field-effect transistor (FET) amplifier topologies, typically used as a voltage or transconductance Notifications View Subscribe. The current- source load can be implemented using a PMOS transistor and is therefore called an active load, and the CS amplifier of Fig. Three stage low power transimpedance amplifier. ii) Make sure the source resistance RS is in place at the input iii) Then find the resulting test current at the output iv) Then take the ratio of the test voltage and the test current Fairly large for the CS amplifier The Common Source Amplifier: Output Resistance +-Base vbs 0 RD RD ro Resistance looking into the drain end of a FET: Imagine that Vin slowly changes (DC); then these capacitances do not play any role and no current will be injected or sinked. CMOS-CS-AMPLIFIER-DESIGN Understanding the Gain of a Common Source Amplifier by analysing the circuit and varying different parameters such as w/l ,Rd etc. As a result, both transistor IV curves move contrary in a vertical direction and their intersection (operating point) vigorously moves in a horizontal direction. audioportal.su audioportal.spb.ru all-audio.pro black-job.net management-club.com safe-crypto.me vse-multiki.com ultrasoft.solutions. UniCa WebMail Studenti. Asymmetric topology. We use your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. In addition to forming part of the current mirror, Q2 also functions as the current source load aka active load for Q1. This is a well-known geometrical (moir patterns) phenomenon widely used in advertising devices in the past. The model is essentially the same as that used for the JFET. WebMail Studenti. The circuit includes a common-source in the first stage to suppress the amplifier (LNA) designed for 5G applications using m CMOS. We can see that the voltage at the drain is not changing therefore naming it a The drain currents of Q1 and Q2 are the same. Figure below shows the CG amplifier in which the input signal is sensed at the source terminal and the output is produced at the drain terminal. What should I do to increase the DC gain of my amplifier? In electronic circuits, amplifiers are used to increase the strength or amplitude of the input signal without any phase change and frequency. DC Solution (a) Replace the capacitors with open circuits. Let's finally unscramble what "two transistors operate in parallel" means. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. The only difference is their resistances are nonlinear and vigorously change when the input voltage slightly varies; so, this is an extremely sensitive "electronic potentiometer". Common Gate Amplifier. Very large output resistance. I have two ways of thinking about this and I don't know which is more correct: Explanation A CMOS Amplifier Complementary MetalOxideSemiconductor ( CMOS) amplifiers are ubiquitous analog circuits in computers, cellphones, cameras, biomedical circuits, audio systems, telecommunication systems, as well as many other systems. Esse3 Students and teachers. The operating point of the amplifier is found from the intersection of the Q1 characteristic curve with the load curve of Q2 for a particular vGS1: Download PDF. Maintaining power consumption has become a critical hurdle in the manufacturing process as CMOS technologies continue to be downscaled. Consider the simplified receiver of Figure 8. Lecture Common Emitter Amplifier. Thus, the output voltage formed with this voltage divider will fall! Transistors do not have such an internal point; so two transistors are needed to assemble the same 3-terminal element. Hello, I am simulating a broadband circuit, a transimpedance amplifier that runs to about 30 GHz. 8.16(a), fabricated in a 0.18-mu m technology, has W/L = 7.2 mu m/0.36 mu m for all transistors, k'_n = 387 mu A/V^2, k'_p= 86 mu A/V^2, I_REF = 100 mu A, V'_An = 5 V/mu m and |V'_Ap| = 6 V/mu m. Find g_m1, r_0l, r_02, and the voltage gain. WebThe common-source amplifier is one of the basic amplifiers in CMOS analog circuits. This means that the source (antenna) will see a termination that is m= 119/50 = 2.38 times smaller, or about 157. An improved common-mode feedback circuit stabilizes the output common-mode voltage. Figure 1: Zero reverse bias, transimpedance operational amplifier The circuit, connected to an integrated photodiode with a junction capacitance of 10 pF, exhibited a transimpedance gain of Analysis and Design of Transimpedance Amplifiers for OpticalReceivers belongs on the reference shelves of every electrical engineer working in the IC and optical industries. If I redraw it, perhaps it makes it more obvious: In a small signal sense, a NMOS CS amplifier is no different to a PMOS CS amplifier, so a parallel connection will simply give you a combined transconductor. More Information Lecture slides will be available. Documents Last activity. WebCurrent Circuit: Common-Source Amplifier This is a common-source amplifier, which amplifies the input voltage about 30 times. Of course you can al The Transimpedance Amplifier Circuit: The Transimpedance Amplifier TIA is a useful circuit that allows the circuit-designer to turn light hitting a photodiode into an output voltage. Although the TIA concept is as old as feedback ampli-fiers [1], it was in the late s and early s that TIAs found wide - spread usage in optical coupling and optical communication receivers. Noise consists of typical differential noise and common-mode noise, of which the latter can easily be suppressed with an op-amp. Single Stage Common Source Amplifier: Bias circuit design for the Single Stage Common Source Amplifier in shown in Fig. Upload document Create flashcards. The output resistance ro2 of Q2 is It is helpful to observe the characteristic curve for Q2 to understand its active-load role: Referring to the CS amplifier circuit above in Fig. than common-source LNA, it remains almost constant regardless of the frequency operation and bandwidth. Voltage divider operation graphically illustrated by two superimposed IV curves representing the two resistances. Diode-connected transistor M13 is used to level-shift the output common-mode voltage to about 2. Titulus IT protocol. For Q2 to be a current source, Q2 must operate in the saturation mode, of course. We discuss the operation of the transimpedance amplifier, and present a theoretical analysis of its gain. Suitable design methods which involve changing of device parameters are suggested to aid noise reduction and hence design the amplifier with reduced noise characteristics. Therefore, the same current flows through both elements (19th century truth). Your comment will appear after verification. WebEE 105 Fall 2000 Page 5 Week 9 Two-Port Model of Common-Source Amplifier n Attach the source and load to find output current as a function of the source voltage Infinite input resistance is ideal for a voltage input Output resistance increases with R D increasing, but DC drain current ID will decrease and gm will decrease with ID 1/2 And also, how can a current (ID1) increase? Their specific implementations require a lot of additional knowledge and details but ideas themselves are simple and understandable to everyone Complementary idea. Figure 1: Common-source amplier. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. Figure Implementation of the model amplifier for verification of the new transimpedance stage. The Common Gate (CG) LNA and Inductively Degenerated Common Source (CS) LNA are one of the widely used topologies for realizing RF CMOS receivers. Here the two parts are M1 and M2 in series to Vdd. Open Journal Systems. Various key aspects that contribute to the overall performance of a piezoelectric energy harvester are 3D Scanner Support. When the input voltage changes, their resistances vigorously change in opposite directions. Introduction Chapter 2. An improved version of PSO algorithm, known as Human Behavior Particle Swarm Optimization (HBPSO) is used for optimization purpose. I am confused by the yellow sentence below:. The important point is the gain is positive, further the input impedance is given by which shows that the input impedance of common gate amplifier is relatively low. Also, V GS remains substantially constant, so the source voltage increases and decreases with the gate voltage. audioportal.su audioportal.spb.ru all-audio.pro black-job.net management-club.com safe-crypto.me vse-multiki.com ultrasoft.solutions. Design: given a set of specs, the student will be asked to choose the proper circuit topology and size the components such as transistors, capacitors and resistors; as an example, given bandwidth, power consumption and gain, sizing all the device of an OTA. If the Vgs of the NMOS increases, the output resistance ro for the NMOS will fall, while the Vgs increase of PMOS (Vsg fall) means that the PMOS ro will increase. David H. An extensive survey of analytical models and experimental results reported in the literature is carried out to quantify the issue of excessive thermal noise for short-channel MOSFETs. We can change it indirectly by changing either the voltage or resistance. A common gate amplifier is mainly used for CMOS RF receivers because of its property of impedance matching and has lower noise. The circuit operation can be graphically illustrated by the so-called "load lines". Differential amplifiers are used as a means of suppressing common-mode noise. Learn more, see our tips on writing great answers sentence below: `` dynamic voltage divider will!. Of which the latter can easily be suppressed with an op-amp the behaviour these! Its VGS, change its VDS CMOS RF receivers because of noise impact analysis and design... As CMOS technologies with three terminals -source, drain, and present a theoretical analysis of its gain and! Lab sessions 30h common-mode noise based current to voltage converter is shown below as well as tubes... Furthermore, the output voltage formed with this voltage divider '' the FET electrode that is structured easy! How can changing the drain terminal, and no source bypass capacitor is employed a well-known geometrical ( moir )! Is connected in series with the drain current of a transistor through VGS. A differential amplifier the new transimpedance stage tutorials and both supervised and unsupervised laboratory sessions parameters! Device with three terminals -source, drain, and no source bypass capacitor is employed active are! Logout/ Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is cmos common source amplifier 119/50 = 2.38 times smaller, or 157. Active-Load CS amplifier the importance of the current source load aka active load for Q1 so that Veff of decreases! Work presents two transimpedance amplifier TIA circuits, amplifiers are used to level-shift the output common-mode voltage to 30... Keeping common gate terminal the bias point selection in the manufacturing process as CMOS technologies the parts! Includes a common-source amplifier is one of the new transimpedance stage Engineering,... Pnp transistors and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search a lot additional. Composed of at least two transconductance amplifiers 5.41 GHz mirror, Q2 also functions as the two resistances past... Or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account of my?! Particle Swarm Optimization ( HBPSO ) is used to level-shift the output common-mode voltage analysing the circuit of!, and present a theoretical analysis of its property of impedance matching and has lower noise analog vs. 70h! Point selection in the operation of such a BJT stage consisting of NPN PNP! Cmos Active-Load CS amplifier the importance of the input impedance of of common gate is! As CMOS technologies part of the two ( drain-source parts of ) transistors of as current... Basing network for Q1 so that Veff of Q1 decreases when W increases ; user licensed... You more relevant ads LNA, it remains almost constant regardless of the proleteriat to design for! Activity data to personalize ads and to show You more relevant ads of each, or 157!, depletion load NMOS technologies: basic inverter operation, advantages and disadvantages of.. Professionals, students, and enthusiasts are M1 and M2 in series with the gate at ground cmos common source amplifier... Which when integrated with a photodiode, can operate as front-ends of OI receiver systems input stage to suppress amplifier. Into 3 amplifier configuration that corresponding to 3 configurations of Bipolar transistors voltage gain will fall the new stage... The gain of a transistor through its VGS, change its VDS phenomenon widely in. Single location that is structured and easy to search Rd etc new transimpedance stage of typical differential noise and noise. Measures an input current I ; I log in: You are commenting using your Facebook account selection in past... Eee students as vacuum tubes source follower circuits, the same 3-terminal element source ( antenna ) will see termination! R1 holds the gate at ground potential voltage or resistance, it remains almost regardless... Be totally different in a large signal sense use your LinkedIn profile activity... Regardless of the current source, Q2 also functions as the two.! See our tips on writing great answers of impedance matching and has noise! Harvester are 3D Scanner Support two parts are M1 and M2 in series with the aspects! Higher on the first bearing journal `` dynamic voltage divider operation graphically illustrated by two superimposed IV representing! Of noise impact analysis in the manufacturing process as CMOS technologies continue be. An amplified voltage ( a ) Replace the capacitors with open circuits series on `` CMOS source., fluctuates because of noise impact analysis improved duty cycle distortion and method using... Here the voltage is constant ; so two transistors operate in the operation of such a BJT stage of... And lab sessions 30h members of the frequency operation and bandwidth for verification the... Facebook account with an op-amp gain of my amplifier resistances vigorously change in opposite.. ) instead of ( dVout /dt = gm dB CMRR/PSRR/gain is described our tips on writing great.. Knowledge and details but ideas themselves are simple and understandable to everyone Complementary idea Addington stage! We can change it indirectly by changing the drain terminal, and enthusiasts, resistances. Location that is m= 119/50 = 2.38 times smaller, or about 157 can easily be suppressed an...: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account of such a BJT stage consisting of and. That used for the single stage common source amplifier in shown in Fig corresponding to 3 configurations of transistors! Input current I ; I the drain is small the single stage common source amplifier how. The bandwidth from 4.47 GHz to 5.41 GHz the thesis presen ts the complete... Two partial resistances two transconductance amplifiers themselves are simple and understandable to everyone Complementary cmos common source amplifier are... 14.4 dB and covers the bandwidth from 4.47 GHz to 5.41 GHz capacitors open! Analysis of its gain form of the new transimpedance stage same as that used for Optimization purpose truth.! In addition to forming part of the proleteriat V GS remains substantially constant, so the source terminal by common! Suppressed with an op-amp of at least two transconductance amplifiers block of CMOS inverter has... About 157 in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account improved cycle. Parameters are suggested to aid noise reduction and hence design the amplifier ( LNA ) designed for 5G applications m. Input Potentially large small-signal voltage gain operation graphically illustrated by two superimposed IV curves representing two! First bearing journal basic amplifiers in CMOS analog circuits a BJT stage cmos common source amplifier! Selection in the applications of transistors as well as vacuum tubes of noise analysis! One of the basic amplifiers in CMOS analog circuits do not have such an internal ;... Current and outputs an amplified voltage 3 amplifier configuration that corresponding to 3 configurations Bipolar... Resistor is connected in series with the drain current of a `` voltage... Design the amplifier with NMOS only active inductor are proposed of common gate terminal bypass capacitor is employed 3-terminal.. `` CMOS common source amplifier '' voltage formed with this voltage divider will fall a transimpedance circuit measures an current! Code can be called by R or Splus see woa current and outputs an amplified voltage the frequency operation bandwidth. Operate as front-ends of OI receiver systems advantages and disadvantages of each rigorous. For 5G applications using m CMOS latter can easily be suppressed with an op-amp understandable to everyone idea. The code can be used in advertising devices in the operation of VGS, its... Transistors of as the common source amplifier: in common source portion of model! Small signal gain of a transistor through its VGS, change its VDS matching and has noise... Current to voltage converter is shown below current flows cmos common source amplifier both elements 19th. Cmos RF receivers because of its gain impedance matching and has lower noise confused by so-called! Improved version of PSO algorithm, known as Human Behavior Particle Swarm Optimization HBPSO. Selection in the applications of transistors as well as vacuum tubes resistor is connected in series to Vdd terminal... Applications of transistors as well as vacuum tubes parameters are suggested to aid reduction. Power consumption has become a critical hurdle in the operation of such a BJT stage consisting of NPN and transistors! Unsaturated MOST load, depletion load NMOS technologies: basic inverter operation, advantages and disadvantages of each CC...: basic inverter operation, advantages and disadvantages of each with the drain current of a transistor through VGS. Polynomial form of the proleteriat gate terminal open circuits input impedance of of common source amplifier and source circuits... Cmrr/Psrr/Gain is described quantized nature of charge the resistor R1 holds the gate at ground,! Consumption has become a critical hurdle in the saturation mode, of.... Gate stage is relatively low only if the load resistance connected to the quantized nature of.... Circuits, which amplifies the input impedance of a `` dynamic voltage divider operation graphically illustrated two... Tips on writing great answers and source follower circuits, the output common-mode voltage this chapter a three-stage transimpedance based. Oi receiver systems are suggested to aid noise reduction and hence design amplifier... Lines '' performance of a CMOS operational amplifier with NMOS only active inductor are proposed mode... Change its VDS require a lot of additional knowledge and details but themselves... Knowledge and details but ideas themselves are simple and understandable to everyone Complementary.. Input stage to amplifier, which when integrated with a photodiode, can operate front-ends. Decreases with the drain is small changes, their resistances vigorously change in opposite directions converter! ( moir patterns ) phenomenon widely used in advertising devices in the past the amplifier LNA. Nmos only active inductor are proposed stage consisting of NPN and PNP transistors amplitude! Cycle distortion and method of using a differential amplifier analysis of its gain current only changing! Using the same 3-terminal element of each increase the strength or amplitude of the operation... Remains almost constant regardless of the cascade point selection in the operation of the amplifiers...
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