Office of Response and Restoration, Very dangerous heavy metals such as cadmium, thallium and arsenic should always be properly disposed of at designated facilities, as their effects on human life and the environment is sometimes catastrophic. WebIf Zinc is spilled, take the following steps: f Evacuate personnel and secure and control entrance to the area. Will lead to extremely dangerous and corrosive fumes, which will decompose, resulting bromine vapors, Corrosive to organisms and rocks; Bromides have little effect to wildlife, Any base, carbonate, bicarbonate; for gaseous form, ammonia can be used, though will result in a dense ammonium chloride mist, Corrosive for rocks, toxic for all wildlife, Absorbtion in water, base, followed by oxidation with hydrogen peroxide, bleach, sodium thiosulfate to less harmful compounds, continued by oxidation to carbon dioxide and nitrogen gas, Burns if ignited, but excess oxygen is required for complete burning, Calcium hydroxide, carbonate, bicarbonate; for gaseous form, excess ammonia can be used, though will result in a dense ammonium fluoride mist; further treatment with calcium hydroxide, carbonate will convert it to the more safe CaF, Corrosive for all life, inorganic materials, toxic for all wildlife, Any base, carbonate, bicarbonate; for gaseous form, ammonia can be used, though will result in a dense mist; sodium thiosulfate can also be used, DON'T! National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. This wiki will NOT take any responsibility (legal or other) for any (failed) attempts at neutralizing hazardous reagents. Decomposes at very high temperatures to yield carbon oxides, water vapor, soot, VOCs, etc. Contact the Office of Environmental Health at 255-4862 or the Office of Life Safety Services at 255-8200 prior to discharging any copper or zinc. Materials listed below in quantities up to about 100 g or 100 ml at a time are suitable for disposal down the drain while flushing with excess water. Although small amounts can be diluted with large amounts of water and poured down the drain, 1,4-dioxane does not undergo significant biodegradation and most will end up in the environment. Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do continue rinsing. Disposal Considerations Whatever cannot be saved for recovery or recycling should be managed in an appropriate and approved waste disposal facility. IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Slowly add the base in the diluted acid, and watch out for foaming or, if it's a strong acid, boiling. WebSoak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste. WebExcerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 Small quantities. Sweep up and shovel. alkali, Decomposes to dimethyl sulfate, DO NOT CALCINATE, Mixed with a more flammable solvent, followed by incineration; Oxidation with Fenton's reagent if it has too much water, Results in carbon oxides, water vapors and sulfur dioxide, Waste water bacteria breaks it down into dimethyl sulfide, which is slightly toxic and has a strong disagreeable odor, Ferrous sulfate, sodium metabisulfite, bleach, Diluted solutions will break down harmlessly, Harmful for most organisms; acetone has low toxicity, Ignites in open air; Decomposes above 200 C, Addition to large amounts of cold water; neutralization with a base, Decomposes giving off nitrogen oxide fumes, Very corrosive to all organisms, may cause fires or explosions, Dissolved in a flammable solvent and burned in an incinerator; Oxidation with Fenton's reagent, Flammable, gives off carbon dioxide, PAHs, soot and water vapors, Potentially harmful for wildlife and aquatic life in large concentrations, Mixed with a more flammable solvent and followed by incineration, Gives off carbon oxides, water vapors and soot, Not required; Excess slaked lime can be used to precipitate calcium phosphate, Decomposes on heating at high temperatures to release water vapors, leaving a residue of potassium and phosphorus oxides, Safe, good fertilizer (potassium and phosphorus source), Slaked lime or any other base, carbonate or bicarbonate, "Wetting" with a solvent, extraction of nitro and very careful neutralization of it; addition of more diatomaceous earth to further absorb the nitro, Explosive hazard; otherwise good nitrogen source for plants, Precipitation with a base; recycling; separation can be done with a magnet, if no other magnetic salts are present, Decomposes to dysprosium(III) oxide, releases nitrogen dioxide, Decomposes, releases combustion gasses, POCs and VOCs, Releases absorbed water or carbon dioxide, Decomposes giving off carbon and sulfur oxides, nitrogen, water, soot, VOCs, Environmental effects are currently unknown, Cooled aqueous solution of excess sodium hydroxide, Dangerous to animals due to its vasodilator effects; harmless to plants, nitrogen source for plant life, Flammable, gives off carbon dioxide and water vapors, Deadly to small animals on direct contact, dangerous to aquatic and soil life, Burns, releasing carbon oxides, water vapors, Deadly to all living things, dangerous to aquatic and soil life, as it acidifies water, Hazardous to environment in large amounts, Alkali solution, followed by sodium thiosulfate to remove any free iodine, Dangerous to wildlife in high concentrations, Diluted alkali solution, recommended to be cooled first to prevent possible explosion, Burns in air, giving off carbon dioxide, nitrogen and water vapors, Amines can be source of nitrogen for plants, but may be harmful to fauna and water bodies, Gives off carbon oxides, water vapors and various volatile componds, Toxic to organisms, dangerous to aquatic life, Sodium hydroxide, followed by incineration, Poses threat to animals, weak nitrogen source for plants, Neutralization with sulfuric acid; mixed with a flammable solvent, followed by an incineration; oxidation with potassium permanganate, followed by addition of sodium bisulfite, and neutralization with sodium hydroxide, Poured down the drain if not bonded with heavy metals; otherwise taken to waste disposal centers, Breaks down to give carbon oxides, water vapor, various amines, soot, Displays some toxicity to many organisms lifeforms, dangerous to water bodies; can be broken down slowly by various microorganisms, Incineration, done outside; Oxidation with Fenton's reagent, Little information is given on its environmental impact, Incineration if desired; not always required, can be poured down the drain, Releases carbon dioxide, monoxide, water vapors and soot; Burns in rich oxygen atmosphere. It is a good idea to dispose of aluminium sulfate and a safe basic compound (such as calcium carbonate) at the same time. Filter off green precipitate. Precipitate copper with hydroxide/phosphate, recycle or safely dispose of; tatrate can be disposed of in any method, Decomposes, releases combustion gasses, leaves behind copper, sodium and potassium carbonate slag, Lanthanides show low toxicity to organisms, Phenanthroline is harmful to environment in high concentration, Decomposes, releases combustion gasses, HF, methyl fluoride, Extremely toxic and deadly to insects and mammals, less so to reptiles and birds, Slowly and carefully added to cold calcium hydroxide solution, Decomposes in moist air releasing hydrogen fluoride, Extremely corrosive and toxic to all organisms, Slowly and carefully added to cold water or crushed ice, followed by neutralization with a base, Decomposes in moist air releasing sulfuric acid and hydrogen fluoride, Yes, but only in some places, like farm land, Gives off carbon monoxide, dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen cyanide, Gives off carbon monoxide and water vapors, Deadly to insects and aquatic life; reason why it's used to kill varroa, Incineration, done outside; Dilution, followed by addition of base, then neutralization of products, Little information about its environmental impact is available, Non-toxic to environment, nourishment for many organisms, Decomposes releasing acrid smoke, carbon oxides, water vapors and soot, Dilution with a flammable solvent followed by incineration, Burning gives combustion gasses as well as soot, carbon monoxide and various VOCs, Toxic to wildlife; very dangerous for aquatic life, Will decompose to caramel and carbon if heated too long, Will char and release carbon dioxide, water vapors and nitrogen, Will char and release carbon dioxide, water vapors, Incineration; Precipitation with amines (urea, guanidine, etc. The resulting solutions contain moderate concentrations of hydrogen ions and have pH's of less than 7.0. The decomposition works best in oxygen-rich atmosphere. Title: Safety Data Sheet for Magnesium Sulfate (MgSO4) Solution (100 mM) (B1003) Author: New England Biolabs, Inc. For safety, you will need to use diluted hydrogen peroxide, meaning that at the end of the neutralization process you will be left with a large volume of water filled with iron precipitate and some organic residues that did not decompose completely, though they're generally not as toxic as their parent compound. The concentration is determined by volumetric titration and refers to 20C. Generally, the soil option is safer, because there is no plumbing you should worry about, but some chemicals shouldn't be released into the soil, either. It's best however, to avoid dumping large quantities of waste, as the reaction in exothermic and may splash or volatilize some of the waste, so it's best to perform the neutralization in small steps. Cyanides must never be poured down the drain before neutralization. APADAZ, HYSINGLA ER, NORCO, REPREXAIN, VICODIN, VICODIN ES, VICODIN HP, VICOPROFEN, ZOHYDRO ER. The resulting block can also be covered in another layer of cement, to reduce the diffusion of the heavy metals. Sodium hydroxide in cooled water/crushed ice or alcohol solution, Burns at high temperatures giving off carbon dioxide, water vapors, soot and hydrogen chloride fumes, Very toxic and corrosive for wildlife and aquatic life; lachrymator agent, Flammable, gives off carbon dioxide, soot and water vapors, Harmful for wildlife and aquatic life in large concentrations, Sodium hydroxide in water or alcohol solution, Sodium hydroxide in water or alcohol solution; neutralization of cyanide with bleach, Burns at high temperatures giving off carbon dioxide, water vapors, soot and hydrogen cyanide fumes, Breaks down releasing carbon dioxide, water vapors, soot, PAHs, Neutralization with an acid; mixed with a flammable solvent, followed by an incineration, Burns in air to release carbon dioxide, water vapor and nitrogen, Dangerous to aquatic life, albeit recognized as biodegradable, Copper kills aquatic life and plant roots, Reduced to bismuth metal; neutralized with a base then taken to disposal centers or recovered, Hydrolyzes and releases HCl fumes in open air, Hazardous for the environment in large quantities, Will oxidize anything (yes, platinum too) when molten, May become hazardous for the environment in large quantities, Copper and sodium ions pose toxicity to plants and animals, Will burn to release a thick cloud of carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide in open air; will detonate in a sealed container, Its components are already used as fertilizers and the environmental effect are similar, Careful hydrolysis in cold water, outside, Burns, releasing boric acid, boron nitride and nitrogen, Boric acid resulted from hydrolysis is harmful to the fauna, Careful neutralization by adding it in ice cold water, floowed by neutralization with a base, Boron compounds tend to be harmful for wildlife, Not useful; may volatilize at high temperatures, Recycling; Traces of brass waste can be completely dissolved with nitric acid, followed by neutralization of leftover acid, recovering copper and zinc via electrowinning, Old brass may contain lead or nickel which is harmful to the environment, Neutralization with excess sodium hydroxide to sodium glycolate, Evaporates and burns at high temperatures, releasing toxic fumes, Oxidized with a strong oxidizing solution, such as chromic acid, Fenton's reagent, piranha solution, followed by neutralization and then poured down the drain, Decomposes giving off carbon dioxide, water vapors, sulfur oxides, bromine, soot, May be harmful to water bodies; environmental effects unknown, Destruction with aqueous sodium hydroxide, which can be aided by methanol or acetone; Oxidation with, Evaporates, should not be attempted indoors, Dangerous to aquatic life at high concentrations, occurs naturally; May cause ozone depletion, Reducing with a reducing agent, such as sodium metabisulfite, sulfite, bisulfite, thiosulfate, Bromous acid and its decomp. WebAvoid release to the environment. Occurs naturally; effects on the environment unknown, Precipitation with a base; Taken to waste disposal centers, Sublimes; Water solutions however will give off hydrogen chloride vapors, Lowers the soil pH, corrosive; Toxic to organisms, Taken to hazardous waste disposal centers, Dissolution in water; Reduction with sodium thiosulfate, sulfite, metabisulfite, Very careful neutralization with a base to non-volatile arsenic compounds, then taken to hazardous waste disposal centers, Extremely toxic to the environment and all life, At temperatures over 1000 C it turns into harmless silicate glass, Burns releasing carbon dioxide, water vapors, soot; may explode at high concentrations and high temperatures, Toxic to animals, parasitic worms, small animals; Occurs naturally, Not useful, already byproduct of incineration, Safe, biodegradable, good source of potassium for plants; Coal ash however, is harmful and contains heavy metals and other impurities; Volcanic ash is abrasive and extremely harmful for the lungs, Will decompose at high temperatures, releasing carbon oxides, water vapors and soot, Poured down the drain or in trash; Can be destroyed using a strong oxidizing mixture for complete neutralization, At very high temperatures decomposed to barium oxide and releases carbon dioxide, Addition of a soluble sulfate, such as sodium, potassium or magnesium sulfate, Decomposes releasing acetone, carbon dioxide, water, leaving behind barium carbonate, Acidified sodium nitrite, nitrous acid; precipitation of barium sulfate with sodium sulfate, Melts and explodes above 160 C releasing nitrogen and barium oxide, May react with acid rain to release soluble barium ions; Occurs naturally, Reduction with a reducing agent, such as sodium bisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium sulfite, followed by oxidation in open air to sulfate; Addition of excess soluble sulfate to remove any soluble barium ions, Disproportionates into perchlorate and chloride when alone; Burns when mixed with a flammable material, Precipitation of barium, reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III), Carcinogenic, toxic for environment and wildlife, Breaks down to barium and iron oxides, which require further disposal, Dangerous to wildlife in short term (oxidizer); Releases toxic barium ions in environment, Diluted cooled hydrogen peroxide solution; addition of sodium sulfate, Decomposes to disodium phosphate and phosphine, Harmful to organisms, especially aquatic ones; soluble barium compounds are toxic, Breaks down into barium and manganese oxides, Toxic to wildlife in short term (oxidizer); Will release toxic barium ions in the environment, Sodium sulfate, potassium magnesium sulfate, sulfuric acid, Breaks down into barium oxide, releasing nitrogen dioxide and oxygen, Toxic to wildlife, due to the soluble barium ions, Precipitation with sodium sulfate; Oxidation to nitrate, Breaks down to barium oxide, oxygen and nitrogen oxides at high temperatures, Toxic to wildlife in short term; nitrites are toxic, Sulfuric acid, aq. Another simple solution is to reduce the ions back to the metal. Safe detonation; Residual perchlorates can be destroyed by adding metallic iron under UV light, in the absence of air. Nitrogen or nitrogen oxides. NaOH; Strong dilution; Oxidation with Fenton's reagent, Generates carbon oxides, water vapor, soot, sulfur oxides and HCl fumes, Incineration; Sodium pyrosulfite; L-cysteine, Generates carbon oxides and water vapors; some will evaporate when heated, Dilution in a more flammable solvent, followed by incineration; Oxidation with Fenton's reagent, Gives off carbon monoxide, dioxide, ammonia, acetonitrile, hydrogen cyanide, Addition to water followed by heating, yielding acetic acid and ammonium chloride, Anhydrous conditions yields ammonium chloride and acetonitrile; In presence of water acetic acid and ammonium chloride are formed, Flammable (high concentrations), no dangerous combustion products, Safe, biodegradable; avoid dumping large amounts, acidifies soil, Flammable, no dangerous combustion products, Biodegradable; avoid dumping large amounts, acidifies soil, Oxidation/incineration, reducing, photolysis, Biodegradable, though not advised for large amounts, Fenton's reagent; Aqueous solution of excess sodium hydroxide, All treatments give some hydrogen cyanide fumes, Toxic to all life due to its cyanide/nitrile group; does not quickly break down in environment, Mixed with a more flammable solvent and incinerated, Generates smoke, carbon dioxide and water vapors, Relative safe, biodegradable; Occurs naturally in small amounts, Burn products include hydrogen chloride which is corrosive, Extremely toxic and corrosive to organisms and environment, Gives off carbon dioxide and water vapors, Addition of a base, which causes polymerization, Burns in the presence of oxygen releasing carbon oxides, water, and various other organic products, Burning, dumping in ground; Desorption by heating it to high temperature and reuse, Unless it adsorbed dangerous volatile compounds or heavy metals, it can be used as a fertilizer (powdered form); Less effective as beads or pellets, Safe, biodegradable; nourishment for many organisms, Diluted with a flammable solvent, like ethanol or acetone and burned; Epoxidation and hydrolysis to glycerol, Loses magnetism when heated and melts at high temperatures, Nickel and cobalt are harmful for the environment, Generates smoke, carbon dioxide and water vapor, Treatment with water, precipitation with a base, No effect; Water solutions however will give off hydrogen chloride vapors, Treatment with water, precipitation with a base; recycling of iodine, No effect; Water solutions however will give off hydrogen iodide and iodine vapors, Incineration outside; Treatment with water, recovery of isopropanol and aluminium oxide/hydroxide or incineration of isopropanol, Melts and decomposes to give various ketones and isopropanol which may ignite; leaves behind alumina residue, Increases level of aluminium from soil, corrosive and harmful to organisms, Pyrolysis; Aqueous ammonia or alkaline hydroxide solution, Not always required, can be dumped in trash, Increases level of aluminium in soil, toxic to animals in large quantities, Burns in air, releasing fumes of phosphorus pentoxide and aluminium oxide, as well as traces of phosphine if any moisture is present, Releases phosphine gas on contact with water, which is deadly to organisms, Releases sulfur oxides at high temperature, Dilute it first; neutralization with a base first is recommended, Increases the aluminium concentration in soil and water, lowers pH, Releases hydrogen sulfide on contact with water, which is toxic to organisms, Burns, may detonate in the presence of metallic impurities, like copper, brass, While ammonium nitrate is a good nitrogen source for plants, TNT is very harmful for wildlife, Not required, can be discarded in any way, Pyrolysis gives nitrogen and carbon oxides, Not required, can be dumped in ground; Pyrolysis done outside, Pyrolysis gives nitrogen, water and carbon/nitrogen oxides, Little is known about its environmental impact, Not required, can be dumped in ground; Careful and controlled pyrolysis, Pyrolysis gives nitrogen, water and carbon/nitrogen oxides; may explode at high temperatures, Safe, nitrogen source for plants; Guanidine derivates occur in guano, Burns, may detonate in the presence of metallic impurities, like copper, While ammonium nitrate is a good nitrogen source for plants, the aluminium, TNT and other impurities present are harmful for wildlife, At high concentrations may generate nitrogen oxides, Not possible (gaseous), safe to pour (as solution), Not possible (gaseous), safe to pour (as solution); Good nitrogen source for plants, Slowly volatilizes and explodes at 400 C releasing nitrogen, hydrogen and ammonia gasses, Decomposes on heating releasing carbon dioxide, ammonia fumes and water vapors, Neutralize it with ammonia; can then poured down the drain, Decomposes to release sulfur oxides and ammonia, Yes, though recommended to neutralize first, Acidic, but once neutralized good nitrogen and sulfur source for plants, While it can be diluted and poured down the drain, it's recommended to neutralize it first; hydrogen peroxide and ammonia can be used to safely neutralize it, Decomposes to release sulfur dioxide and ammonia, Oxidation of aqueous ammonium bisulfite to bisulfate can reduce the amount of dissolved oxygen from water bodies and will lower water pH, Decomposes on heating releasing nitrogen, water, oxygen and hydrogen chloride, sometimes explosively, Decomposes on heating releasing ammonia and hydrogen chloride, Safe, good fertilizer (nitrogen source); May prove unsuitable to chloride sensitive plants, Reducing with a reducing agent, such as sodium metabisulfite, sulfite, bisulfite, ascorbic acid, at acidic pH, Decomposes, the famous volcano reaction, releasing nitrogen gas, water vapors, fine particulates of unburnt ammonium chromate, leaving behind Cr(III) oxide, Cr(VI) ions are carcinogenic and very toxic to organisms, Reducing with a reducing agent, such as sodium metabisulfite, sulfite, bisulfite, ascorbic acid at acidic pH, Decomposes, the famous volcano reaction, releasing nitrogen gas, water vapors, fine particulates of unburnt ammonium dichromate, leaving behind Cr(III) oxide, Not required; Slaked lime can be used to precipitate calcium phosphate, Safe, good fertilizer (nitrogen and phosphorus source), Decomposes on heating to release nitrogen, water and oxygen; may explode if heated too high, While it may be a good fertilizer, its environmental effects are unknown, Decomposes in several steps, releasing ammonia, water, cyanogen, ferric oxide, in air, Low toxicity, environmental effects unknown, Alkali hydroxide, carbonate, sulfate; heating in the presence of a base, Decomposes on heating to release ammonia, carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide and water, Alkali hydroxide, carbonate, sulfate; Dilution, poured down the drain, Decomposes on heating to release ammonia, water, leaving behind MoO, Diluted cooled hydrogen peroxide solution, Harmful to organisms, especially aquatic ones, Safe, good fertilizer (nitrogen, iron and sulfur source); May cause algal bloom in water bodies however, Safe, good fertilizer (nitrogen source); May cause algal bloom in water bodies however, Alkali hydroxides; strong dilution followed by heating; will slowly decompose even at room temperature, so you may leave it in a safe area and let it decompose, Decomposes or detonates, releasing nitrogen and water vapors, Decomposes quickly in environment, especially at low pH, Alkali hydroxide, carbonate, sulfate; pyrolysis in the presence of a base, Decomposes on heating to release ammonia, carbon monoxide, oximide, hydrogen cyanide and water vapors, May pose a threat to wildlife in large amounts; Occurs naturally in guano, Reduction with metallic iron under UV light in the absence of air; Heating perchlorate at 200 C with metallic iron for several hours, Decomposes to release nitrogen, water vapors, oxygen and hydrogen chloride, Dissolution in water, followed by reduction with sulfur dioxide or sodium sulfite, thiosulfate or metabisulfite, Detonates above 60-110 C, releasing nitrogen, water vapors and a smoke of manganese dioxide, Strong oxidizer and explosive, hazardous for wildlife, Pyrolysis, hydrolysis, various reducing agents, Decomposes at 120 C releasing sulfur and nitrogen oxides, oxygen and ammonia, Not required; Strong dilution is sufficient, Decomposes on heating to release ammonia, sulfur dioxide, sulfuric acid vapors, Considered to be environmentally friendly due to its degradation to non-harmful residues, Not required; Calcium hydroxide can be used to precipitate calcium sulfate, Safe, good fertilizer (nitrogen and sulfur source); slightly lowers the soil pH, Decomposes releasing hydrogen sulfide and ammonia, Extremely toxic for wildlife; Dangerous for the environment (DSD), Not required, simply pour down the drain; Bleach or hydrogen peroxide can be used if desired, Oxidation of aqueous ammonium sulfite to sulfate can reduce the amount of dissolved oxygen from water bodies; otherwise, safe, used as fertilizer, Precipitation with sodium hydroxide to less sodium fluorides, Emits very toxic fumes of hydrogen fluoride, nitrogen oxides and ammonia, Dilute then pour down the drain; Bleach or hydrogen peroxide can be used if desired, Decomposes to release sulfur dioxide, ammonia, water vapors, May be harmful for aquatic life; safe, used as fertilizer, While ammonium nitrate is a good nitrogen source for plants, the fuel oil (FO) from its composition is harmful for wildlife, Gives off carbon oxides, soot, nitrogen and or nitrogen oxides and water vapor, Dilution with a solvent, followed by incineration; Oxidation with an oxidizing solution, like Fenton's reagent, Gives off carbon oxides, soot and water vapor, While ammonium nitrate is a good nitrogen source for plants, nitromethane and methanol may be harmful for wildlife, Sublimes and decomposes, releasing carbon oxides, water vapors, soot, anilline, Mixed with a more flammable solvent and safely incinerated; Controlled oxidation with Fenton's reagent. 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